G’BYE GOA: INDO-ARYANS-4.
By Valmiki Faleiro.
A comparatively colossal number of Indo-Aryans from Gujarat and North India, this time comprising of Saraswats, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, migrated into Goa during “The Second Wave.” It was not a single wave but a series of smaller waves, over several centuries, which is collectively called the ‘Second Wave.’ Among the first of these was in the 5th century AD, when the Sharmas of Cortalim came here after their native Punjab was overrun by the Huns. More waves would have occurred from the 8th century AD onwards, from the reign of the Chalukya,Vikramaditya-II, when Arabs began invading the Gujarat coast.
Indo-Aryans from the Kutch region are known to have migrated to Goa during this period. Malbarao Sardesai, the Hindustani musician and musicologist from Savoiverem-Ponda, hailing from one of Goa’s old Saraswat families, traced his ancestors had migrated from Kanauj in the 9th/10th century AD. The period around the 10th Century AD was a time of peace when Goa was securely under the Goa Kadambas, who ruled either on their own or as feudatories of powerfulneighbouring kings. It was during this era that maximum Indo-Aryan in-migration occurred in Goa. More Indo-Aryan migrants would have arrived from the 11th century onwards, with Muslim invasions and conquests in North India – for instance, in 1018, when Muhammad of Ghazni razed Kanauj. And more in the 12th century, when the forces of Qutub-ud-din Aibuk invaded the Tirhut region of Bihar in 1193 AD and plunderedand completely destroyed Kanauj in 1194.
The ‘Mangesh Mahatmya’ says that the second wave of Indo-Aryan migration took place during the Muslim conquest of Kanauj and Bihar. Such migration of Indo-Aryans into Goa is believed to have taken place upto the late-13th to early-14th centuries AD. It was during this collective “Second Wave,” between the 5th and 14th centuries AD, that bulk of the Indo-Aryan migration to Goa took place. The “First Wave” was almost insignificant, if numbers matter. Latter day arrivals were welcomed by their predecessors already here. Villagers of Verna gave part of their land to newcomers, which was added to Nagoa. Later, thevillagers of Nagoa, together with those of Sancoale, parted with some of their lands to more newcomers, to form the village of Cortalim.
The villagers of Loutulim similarly gave part of their land to form the village of Quelossim. (Remember Verna, Sancoale,Nagoa and Loutulim were among the eight oldest Indo-Aryan settlements in Goa – of the pioneering Bhargavas.) Such new settlements were not called villages but “gifted lands” – ‘Agraharas,’ not Grams. Original settlers of the first wave were called ‘Mhalgades,’ after ‘Mahal’ (province.) The provincial council of Salcete Mahal, the first Indo-Aryan and the biggest in Goa, comprised of 20 representatives from 10 principal villages. Each village nominated two delegates, one from the senior-most clan (or the first Vangor) and the other fromthe family of the village accountants (Kulkarnis.) The principal deities worshipped as ‘kuldaivats’ (family deities) by Goan Saraswatswere those of Mahadev, Mahalaxmi, Mahalsa, Manguesh, Nagesh, Saptakoteshwarand Shantadurga.
Later, when some Shaivas became Vaishnavas, they began to worship deities like Damodar (Margao/Zambaulim), Narasimha (Sancoale/Veling),Ravalnath (Guirdolim or Macasana/Marcel), and Ramnath (Loutulim/Bandora.) Saraswats also settled in the north of Goa – like ‘Kudaldeshkars’ and ‘Pednekars.’Centuries later, Deccani Marathas descended on Sattari/Bicholim and enslaved the original settlers known as Shabara or Hebars, to become the new masters. In what volumes Indo-Aryans migrated into Goa, and to what extent they subjugatedthe original tribals, can be gauged from the village demography of Salcete.
Of 60 villages I can count from the original 66, only three are Kol villages (Khola, then inSalcete now in Canacona, Davorlim, even if one of 15 its Vangors is Kshatriya, and Dicarpale.) Sudras have two villages (Dramapur, though one of its five Vangors isBrahmin, and Telaulim.) Of the balance 55 villages, 18 are Brahmin, 36 Kshatriya,and one – Aquem – shared by the two!
(Concludes.) P.S.: Quite a few readers sought more on GSB history. I’d recommend the ‘SkandaPurana’ (esp its Sahyadri Khanda, chapter, which deals with Goa/Konkan Saraswats) by Dr. Jose Gerson da Cunha. Dr. Cunha (1844-1900), native of Arpora-Bardez, studied and practiced medicine in Bombay, but his abiding interest in history took him scouring the west coast from Gujarat to Kerala. From old temple manuscripts and other records, he produced the monumental 1877 work. (ENDS.)
The Valmiki Faleiro weekly column.
July 2, 2009
ON LATE M. BOYER. BY VITO FROM GERMANY.
Dear Anthony,
I have read a few articles every now and then since a few years that were written by you. Just a couple of days ago, I was forwarded an article about Boyer by Mariano Pereira our Ex General secretary ( Goan Association Germany E.V ) .
Couple of things came to my mind after reading the article, a few years ago the G.A.G had invited a Goan Musical show comprising of Antonette Jo`se Rod, John D’silva, Augustine Temudo, Rosy Alveres and Succorine. The following day after the show, we were at Mathano’s place for a Get together and Succorine mentioned exactly what you have written about her (Mathano Gracias, if you remember at Arpora). Secondly, you may remember me for a rescue operation you did for me near Menino Goes’s House, where you had to brake some Spokes to free my Leg out of the Bicycle Wheel and poor Nacimento who was riding my cycle frightened and blue not knowing what to do ( Nacimento used to be a natural Comedian). Well it is pretty late over here. If you have the time do visit our web site at goa -germany.org
Best regards
Vito Oliveira,
Germany.
I have read a few articles every now and then since a few years that were written by you. Just a couple of days ago, I was forwarded an article about Boyer by Mariano Pereira our Ex General secretary ( Goan Association Germany E.V ) .
Couple of things came to my mind after reading the article, a few years ago the G.A.G had invited a Goan Musical show comprising of Antonette Jo`se Rod, John D’silva, Augustine Temudo, Rosy Alveres and Succorine. The following day after the show, we were at Mathano’s place for a Get together and Succorine mentioned exactly what you have written about her (Mathano Gracias, if you remember at Arpora). Secondly, you may remember me for a rescue operation you did for me near Menino Goes’s House, where you had to brake some Spokes to free my Leg out of the Bicycle Wheel and poor Nacimento who was riding my cycle frightened and blue not knowing what to do ( Nacimento used to be a natural Comedian). Well it is pretty late over here. If you have the time do visit our web site at goa -germany.org
Best regards
Vito Oliveira,
Germany.
Agnello re-elected Navelim President for the 13th time
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This is the 13th time in 22 years of the club history that Agnello is elected president. At the Annual General Meeting of the club held at Village Inn on 26th June 2009, the financial accounts were presented to the house by the Treasurer Mr. Peter Colaco and duly approved. Newly elected General Secretary Duarte Ferrao highlighted NYC's fame throughout the Middle-East. He stressed the need for unity among members and pledged members to help take Navelim to higher heights in years to come. In his speech Agnello thanked the outgoing committee and stressed on the continued need for co-operation and support from all members to carry out the social, cultural and other activities of the Centre. About Agnello A. S. Fernandes Born in a small scenic place of Aquem-Alto, Navelim, Agnello completed most of his academic career at Guardian Angel School, Sanvordem, and later attained a distinction in English Literature, an achievement in itself during those days in Goa. Ever since coming to Kuwait, Agnello has worked for some of the top most Investment Houses. At present, he is the Assistant Vice-President (Funds Administration & IT) at Gulf Custody (Investment) Company. A Silver medallist at the All Kuwait Photography Contest conducted by JVC in 1987, Agnello has used his lens "for personal satisfaction only." A natural humorist at heart, Agnello believes that "life s best things come in small packages..!" On quieter days Agnello enjoys watching soccer. The dynamic leader lives with his lovely wife Neeta and children Allan, Allison and Alisha in a closely knit family. Newly elected General Secretary Duarte Ferrao gave a brief glimpse of the events, programs and sports activities to be chalked out by NYC during the new season. Following members were elected to the Managing Committee for the year 2009-2010: President: Agnello A.S Fernandes Vice President: Luis D'Silva Gen. Secretary: Duarte Ferrao Asst. Gen Secretary: Bernard Fernandes Treasurer: Eusebio Fernandes Sports Secretary: Avelino Dias Asst. Sports Secretary: Gasper Crasto Team Manager: Britto Pereira Asst. Team Manager: Seby Colaco Team Coach: Johnny Luis Social Secretary: Allan Fernandes P.R.O: Simon Dias Advisor: Norman Noronha Auditor: Peter Colaco About Navelim Youth Centre Navelim Youth Centre was established in the year 1987 and is registered with the Indian Embassy and Kuwait Indian Football Federation (KIFF). The main objectives of the centre are to promote sports, develop friendship among the Indian communities in the Gulf and to provide social services to the poor and less fortunate brethren back home in Goa. Proceeds from benefits out of activities undertaken by Navelim are regularly sent to charity homes of old age people. NYC Football team has made its mark among expatriate Indians as one of the best teams having won all major tournaments organized in Kuwait. The team has travelled to Bahrain, Qatar and Dubai to play football matches with other expatriate Indian teams and highly praised for skillful football and sportsmanship. |
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